PROCESS
AND METHODS OF EDUCATION
IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
This paper was prepared for Fulfilling Duty Course
Islamic Education Science
Lecturer:
Mohammad
Karim, M.Pd
Written by:
Erlina (15110079)
Khudrotul Afifah (15110191)
JURUSAN
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
FAKULTAS
ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN
UNIVERSITAS
ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
OKTOBER 2016
PROCESS AND METHODS OF EDUCATION
IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Abstract
Abstract The progress of a country depends on the progress of education (including Islamic education), and in education is closely related to the use of approaches and methods performed during the learning process occurs. Approaches and methods should be controlled by a teacher in order to achieve the objectives that have been defined. The method and approach to education is a way or path that starts to achieve the goal of education is to establish character learners ulul albab. This paper discusses an understanding of the process and methods of education, what kinds of processes and methods of education in Islamic education and what is the purpose with the process and methods of education in educational islam.Penelitian is done with interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach to the type of literature research and analysis form in the form of content analysis (Conent analysis). Once the importance of approaches and methods in education, educators are required professionalism in developing the approach and methods. Educators should know the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and methods to be use-right and determine the most appropriate option so that learners are more active and critical in the learning process. And the most important is the approach and method of the learners to the desired destination.
Keywords: Approach, Methods,Process and Islamic Education
B. Definition of educational methods in Islamic education
1. Definition of educational methods
1. Definition of educational methods
Methods it self comes from the Greek, Etymologically, the word
comes from the method of two syllables, namely meta and hodos, meta means
through and hodos means path or way[1].
while according to Ahmad Husayn al-Liqaniy, the method is a step - a step taken
by an educator to help learners realize certain goals. When connected in the
education process step - the strategic steps that must be realized in the
educational process in order to establish the personality of the learner. Thus,
it can be concluded that the method is a way or path that should begin to
achieve the goal. However, a good strategy is when it can good result method anyway, because the method is a way of
implementing the strategy.
2. Understanding Islamic Education
Education
as an effort to foster and develop the spiritual aspects and jasmniah that take
place gradually directing students to the optimal point. In essence, Islamic
education is an attempt adults pious Muslims who consciously direct and guide
the growth and development of the fitrah (ability dasa) students through the
teaching of Islam toward the point of maximum growth and its development.[2]
Thus, "Islamic education" is all the effort or the educational process undertaken to guide human behavior, both individual and social to drive potential, the potential fine base, as well as teaching in accordance with nature through a process of intellectual and spiritual basis of Islamic values to achieve happiness live in this world and the hereafter. Of the two above understanding can be concluded that the method of Islamic education is a method or way that is done to guide the development of fitrah (basic proficiency) students through the teaching of Islam toward the point of maximum growth and development to achieve the ultimate goal of education, namely, human adult believer / Muslim / muhsin and Mukhlisin Muttaqin.
C. Kinds Methods of Education In Islamic Education
In
the process of Islamic education effective method, if it has three aspects of
the value contained in the aim of Islamic education to be realized through a
method that contains character and relevance: (1) forming a human becomes a
slave gods who served Him alone, (2) is worth educative refers to the teachings
of the Quran instructions, (3) relates to motivation and discipline according
to the teachings of the Quran.[3] In
the Quran there are several signs about Islamic education methods, including;
1.
Method of Understanding
This method requires the understanding of students to what has been presented, the method comprising:
a. The use of Reason (ratio)
This method requires the understanding of students to what has been presented, the method comprising:
a. The use of Reason (ratio)
This method is one way that encouraged al-quran described in
several verses of the Quran. In this method it is recommended that human
functioning optimally sense to seek the truth until he is able to optimize
logic to discern the truth and error as well as to distinguish between the
Truth and falsehood.[4]
Therefore any prescribed practice of islam always based on faith, while the true
faith is based on science.
Al-Quran signaled a return to proper referrals based logic
ilmiah.Firman Allag SWT .:
فاسآ
لوا آهل الذكر إن كنتم لا تعلمون (43)
Then ask the
person who has knowledge if you do not know (QS.Al-Nahl (16): 43)
Therefore,
Islamic education must set the pace in merencanangkan education and teaching
programs, namely by improving the step so that teachers behave gracefully to
give answers to the questions of the students well.
b. Amtsal method (parable)
This
method is used to make it easier to explain something that is immaterial a way
that is easy to give parable that is easily digested by the ratio. Amtsal
method which gives the parable of the abstract to others that are more helpful
than the parable.[5]
amtsal method examples in the Quran, for example in Surah al-aqarah paragraph
17, namely;
"The
Parable of them like a fire, then after the fire it lit all around: allah
remove light (illuminating) meka, and leaving them in darkness, unable to
see."
In
amtsal above, God describes the nature and the state of hypocrites who can not
benefit from the instructions gods. They are likened to a person who lit the
fire, then the fire was extinguished by the gods so that they are in the dark
and can not see anything anymore. Manna Khalil Al Qattan classify amtsal the
Koran into three kinds, namely:
(1)
Amtsal Musarahah, (2) Amtsal Kaminah, (3) Amtsal mursalah.[6]
c. Taking the lessons of past events
This
method is used Al-Quan when the time down, which the Quran was revealed gradually
in accordance with the situation of events. Past events is an effective means
to combine the subject matter with the state of mind of students to deliver to
success. [7]This
is the secret of the Quran was revealed gradually in accordance with the needs
and circumstances, in order:
1.
Learners
can determine the relationship of the different elements and relationships
between -makhluk -beda patterned varieties;
2.
Learners
are able to find the source of which is a return of science as well as a
variety of different topics;
3.
Learners are able to distinguish between the
writing of the adapter works, and be able to analyze the ideas of each author;
4.
Learners
are able memedakan between the nature of a fixed and arbitrary
5.
Growing
tendency to read and write
6.
To
train students to think critically.
d. Ibrah
Mauizah method
Ibrah
method is a way to make the psychological condition of a student to know the
essence of matters that affect her feelings, drawn from the experience
-Experience of others or his own life experiences. While mau'izah method is a
way of delivering course material through a speech that contains advice and
warnings about the good and bad things.
e.
Targhib- Method Tarheeb
Targhib
method is a strategy or a way to convince someone pupil of power and truth of
Allah through his word, accompanied by persuasion and seduction to perform good
deeds.[8]
Persuasion in question is mundane pleasures due to carry out orders and stay
away laranganya gods. whereas Tarheeb seoang strategy is to convince the
students to the power and truth of god through the threat as a result of acts
are prohibited by the gods. This method is mentioned in al-Quran Al-Zalzalah
such as letters, verses 7-8
فمن يعمل مثقا ل ذرة خيرايره (7)ومن يعمل مثقال ذرة شرايره
“Whoever do good however small, will feel the
results and instead those who do evil however slight, Allah will show the
results”
f.
Tajriibi method (training experience)
Experience
and habituation exercises required in the Quran as one of the means used in education,
training experience is intended as a continuous exercise, so that students are
used to doing something along hidupnya.contoh of methods experience:
•
Exercise and repetition
•
Exercise memorize
•
Exercise worship
2. The method of resuscitation
This
method is concentrated to describe realization about students to absorb the
values of education through the following:
a) Amar Ma'ruf forbidding the evil, ordering kindness, patience,
and peace
Every human being is expected to each message ordering within the framework of pursuing the good in kehidupan.Metode include democratic values education.[9] It is no disgrace if educators to listen and implement the opinion of students, because of the nature of the study is to examine, search, told the virtues, and prohibits disavoal . Therefore, the warning required by all parties, both educators and learners, as the word of Allah.
Every human being is expected to each message ordering within the framework of pursuing the good in kehidupan.Metode include democratic values education.[9] It is no disgrace if educators to listen and implement the opinion of students, because of the nature of the study is to examine, search, told the virtues, and prohibits disavoal . Therefore, the warning required by all parties, both educators and learners, as the word of Allah.
:وذكر
فإن الذكري تنفع المؤمنين (55)
“And remain alert, because the warning was indeed
helpful for persons who believe. “(QS.Al-Dzahriyat
{51}: 55)
b). Provision of rewards and punishments
b). Provision of rewards and punishments
The
term tsawab = reward, obtained in the al-Quran in showing what is done by a
person in this life or the hereafter because good deeds .[10]
in the letter Ali Imron (3): 148, which means
"Then
the gods give rewards to their world and the Hereafter with Allah reward the
good and love to people -people who do good"
It
should be noted, that the reward is not without negative side effects. If the
reward / punishment was excessive, the practices of other negative
consequences, therefore educators are expected to leave from the serious
consequences simply because reward to their students.
c). Awareness gradually
d). Control of appetite
3. Method of Practice
('amaliah)
a) Method of Modeling/providing
رلقد
كا ن لكم في ر سول الله أسوة حسنة لمن كا ن يرجو الله واليوم الا خر وذكرالله
كثيرا (21)
There has already been at the (self)
that the Messenger of Allah a good role model for you (that) for people who
expect (grace) of gods and the (arrival) Day of Resurrection and he is much
mention of gods (QS.Al-Ahzab {33}: 21)
Providing method emphasizes to
parents, educators or preachers gave the example of the children / learners how
to talk, act, bersiakap, do something or how to worship.[11]
Through this method, the children / learners can see, watch, and believe the
actual way so that they can doing well and more easy.befit with words of the
prophet:
ابد أ بنفسك
"Start from yourself"
The purpose of this hadith is in
goodness and truth, if we want others also doing, start from ourselves to work.
The Principles of from providing method as follows:
1.
The
principle of providing an atmosphere of excitement
2.
The
principle of service and compensation with gentleness
3.
The
principle of significance for learners Principle
4.
Preconditions
5.
The principle
of open communication
6.
The
principle of allowing new knowledge
7.
The
Principles provide a model of good behavior
8.
The
principle of practice (experience) actively
9.
The
principle of compassion and guidance
b). Methods Stories / Lectures
Story telling or lecture is by
Allah's Apostle used to transmit orders Allah SWT, which raises the learning
process by increasing the devotion and execution of repairs attitudes, ways of
thinking and behaving. The lecture method is lighting or narrative orally by
educators to the number of learners, teachers or religious teacher as the center
of activity (teacher centered).[12]
The main activities undertaken are heard in an orderly manner and record the
necessary points that are considered important lesson. Word of God containing
the pedagogical value in history:
وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا
قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ
لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
Tell them the story of the two sons
of Adam (Habil and Qabil) according to the truth, when they offered sacrifices,
then received from one of the two of them (Abel) and was not accepted from the
other (Qabil). He said (Qabil): "I must kill you!". Abel said:
"Indeed, Allah only accepts
(the victim) on those who fear Him".
From the above story tells of two
children adam rival in the letter of al-Maidah being one of them there are
bewatak broad chest and compassion, clearly intended as a shining example of
the need for the development of good character and a sense of compassion and
tolerance within protégé so she was able to live with each other and work
together in a community of his mature.
c). Question and answer method
Question and answer method of
teaching is a way to throw a question to be answered by learners, this method does
not begin with a lecture pure. For example, a question and answer prophet
Mohammed with a companion of the Prophet who came to prove the truth of a case
.The descendants of the wife asked him about his son was black, and he and his
wife were not black.
Said the Prophet : do you have a camel?
Friends : yes, i have
Said the Prophet : skin colored camel what is it?
Friends : red color
Said the propet : if
any of the camels that there are gray?
Friends :
yes,
Said the Prophet : Where
skin color come from?
Friends :
Perhaps comes from heredity.
Said the Prophet :
perhaps your son is black last descendant (hr.bukhori).[13]
With
that answer, the person who asks to get inner satisfaction and feeling
mencurugai apart from his wife. It can be concluded that through a process of
questions and answers that, learners can acquire true knowledge. The obligation
of a bookish, when asked about the problems of science he is obliged to give an
answer, if not, then threatened with a painful torment of hellfire, According words
of the prophet:
من سئل عن علم فكتمه الجمه الله بلجام من النار (روه الطبر
Whoever
was asked about knowledge, then he menyemunyikannya then Allah will curb the
restraints of hellfire (Rh.Tabrani)
d). Discussion
Method
This
method can also be called deliberation, a special feature of this method is
that once different with question and answer method lies in the nature of the
question and the answer. Discussion questions containing the problem, so it can
not be solved only with a single response. The answer consists of various
alternatives, requires thinking and mutual support of the participants of the
discussion, to arrive at the final answer is approved as the most correct
answer or the best. Discussion is an exercise for the students, to dare to
express their opinions and able to respect or appreciate other people's
opinions, habits discuss or deliberate on an issue with others, will foster a
sense of share responsibility in achieving results.[14]
ولا تجادلوا اهل الكتا ب الا بلتي هي احسن ... (العنكبوت 46)
And
do not argue the scribes except by the most excellent way (al-Ankabut: 46)
Allah commands in this case is that we invite to the beaten path with wisdom and good mau'idhah and denied them by discussing with the most excellent way yag
In relation to the method Islamic education should be done by educators Muslims, then the implications need to be considered regarding the disclosure is psychological as follows:
Allah commands in this case is that we invite to the beaten path with wisdom and good mau'idhah and denied them by discussing with the most excellent way yag
In relation to the method Islamic education should be done by educators Muslims, then the implications need to be considered regarding the disclosure is psychological as follows:
a)
Awareness
educators themselves about their religious lives as people are Muslim
impersonal, so the steps education able to influence the development of the
religious life of the students.
b)
Capable
of connecting a view metaphysical with the subjects that are interconnected and
extend the live view their religious, affects and controls the sources of
knowledge and educational methods that he used dala all subjects in a way that
awareness alive their religious it can affect entirely on science is taught and
on the methods used.
c)
Being
able to connect all of the disciplines of science in a inteelasi and at one
point each - each discipline can be developed in accordance with the pattern
and specificity by students.[15]
Thus,
methods of Islamic education desired by the people of Islam is essentially a
"method of education though the teaching of Islam" (method of
education through the teaching of Islam) to all areas of knowledge and skills
through the teaching of Islam.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUTION
3.1 Conclusions
A. The process of Islamic education that is where the learning
process so that learners are actively developing the potential for him to have
the spiritual power of religion, self-control, personality, intelligence,
character, and skills needed him and society. Islamic education identifies four
development goals on human functions, namely:
a. Awaken people as individual
beings
b. Sensitize human function as
social beings
c. Awaken people as servants of
Allah
1. Component Component in Islamic Education Process
a. Determining the purpose of
teaching and learning
b. Determine the approach to the
learning process
c. Determine methods of teaching
d. Determining teaching techniques
e. Determining tactics
2. How to Implement Teaching
Teach step sequences is determined
by many factors, among others:
a. By teaching objectives to be
achieved at the school hours
b. The ability of teachers
c. By the state of the tools
available
d. When his disciples by the number
of lots
B. Method of Islamic education is a method or way that is done to
guide the development of fitrah (basic proficiency) students through the
teaching of Islam toward the point of maximum growth and development to achieve
the ultimate goal of education, namely, human adult believer / Muslim / muhsin
and Mukhlisin Muttaqin.
C. Various method education in Islamic education
1.
Method of understanding
(Method
of Use reasonable asio, proverbs, Taking a lesson from past events, ibrah
Mauidzah,
Taghib -Tarhib, tajriibi)
2.
Method realized
(Method
Amar good and prohibiting evil, Prize, a gradual awareness, control appetite)
3. The
method of practice (amaliah)
(Exemplary
Story / lectures, question and answer, discussion)
3.2 advice
The
paper is still far from perfect, due to the limited knowledge of or reference
we get. Then our great hope to accept criticism and suggestions for improvement
to become better. Hopefully this paper can be useful for all the people of the
religion.
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Nawawi, Hadari. 1993. Education in Islam. Surabaya: Usana Offset Printing
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[1] Arifin, Islamic Education Science ( Review Doctrinaire and practical bases
Interdisipliner's approaching ) 2nd Cet,Page. 60
[2] Ibid,page.32
[3] Ibid,page.216
[6] Ibid,Pagel.217
[9] Ibid,Page.226
[10] Saleh
Abdullah. 1994. Education teories According Al-quran. Jakarta.page .221
[13] Bukhori,Jus
VII,Page 171-171
[15] Dikutip
dari Seminar on teaching Methodology,islamic perceptive ,23-28 august
1982,jakarta ,fourth world conference on
muslim education.recommandations,Page .5
